A semen analysis, which provides information about sperm count, motility and morphology, has classically been used as the marker of male fertility potential. However, there are other parameters given in a semen analysis that are often neglected or overlooked; these may indicate important pathologies, such as infection, prostatic disease, immunological infertility, retrograde ejaculation, malformation or obstruction of the genital tract, tumor, and congenital or endocrine disorders.

Early diagnosis of the male factor is important in order to detect any underlying pathology, to determine the extent of infertility, and to ensure appropriate treatment. It may also avoid unnecessary investigations for the female partner, particularly if her age is a limiting factor.

For men who have had a vasectomy, clearance should only be given when there is no evidence of presence of sperm in two consecutive semen samples. It is therefore vital to ensure that results are reported according to best practice guidelines. Special clearance may be given at the doctor’s discretion when there are persistent non-motile sperm present.